How can diverse national food and land-use priorities be reconciled with global sustainability targets? Lessons from the FABLE initiative

Abstract There is an urgent need for countries to transition their national food and land-use systems toward nutritional security, climate stability, environmental integrity. How can satisfy demands while jointly delivering the required transformative change achieve global sustainability targets? Here, we present a collaborative approach developed with FABLE—Food, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Land, Energy—Consortium reconcile both elements developing system pathways. This includes three key features: (1) targets, (2) country-driven multi-objective pathways, (3) multiple iterations of pathway refinement informed by international impacts. strengthens policy coherence highlights where greater ambition needed goals (e.g., SDGs). We discuss how this could be used support future biodiversity negotiations what further developments would needed.